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KMID : 0352720160400020196
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Journal of Ginseng Research
2016 Volume.40 No. 2 p.196 ~ p.202
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Ginsenoside Rd alleviates mouse acute renal ischemia/reperfusion injury by modulating macrophage phenotype
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Kaixi Ren
Chao Jin
Pengfei Ma
Qinyou Ren
Zhansheng Jia
Daocheng Zhu
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Abstract
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Background: Ginsenoside Rd (GSRd), a main component of the root of Panax ginseng, exhibits antiinflammation
functions and decreases infarct size in many injuries and ischemia diseases such as focal
cerebral ischemia. M1 Macrophages are regarded as one of the key inflammatory cells having functions
for disease progression.
Methods: To investigate the effect of GSRd on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) and macrophage
functional status, and their regulatory role on mouse polarized macrophages in vitro, GSRd (10e100 mg/
kg) and vehicle were applied to mice 30 min before renal IRI modeling. Renal functions were reflected by
blood serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen level and histopathological examination. M1 polarized
macrophages infiltration was identified by flow cytometry analysis and immunofluorescence staining
with CD11bþ, iNOSþ/interleukin-12/tumor necrosis factor-a labeling. For the in vitro study, GSRd (10
e100 mg/mL) and vehicle were added in the culture medium of M1 macrophages to assess their regulatory
function on polarization phenotype.
Results: In vivo data showed a protective role of GSRd at 50 mg/kg on Day 3. Serum level of serum
creatinine and blood urea nitrogen significantly dropped compared with other groups. Reduced renal
tissue damage and M1 macrophage infiltration showed on hematoxylineeosin staining and flow
cytometry and immunofluorescence staining confirmed this improvement. With GSRd administration,
in vitro cultured M1 macrophages secreted less inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-12 and tumor
necrosis factor-a. Furthermore, macrophage polarization-related pancake-like morphology gradually
changed along with increasing concentration of GSRd in the medium.
Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that GSRd possess a protective function against renal ischemia/
reperfusion injury via downregulating M1 macrophage polarization.
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KEYWORD
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ginsenoside Rd, macrophage, renal ischemia/reperfusion injury
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